untagethernet 1/1/5 to 1/1/10. (One Port can be untagged un one clan only) For the "trunk ports" these needs to be Tagged one Port can be Tagged in More than one VLAN. VLAN 12. Tag ethernet 1/1/1. For the IP addess you can create a virtual interface (VE) under the VLAN 12 for example so int 1/1/1 uses that IP.
Asked 5 years, 9 months ago Viewed 6k times I'm trying to understand the specifics of trunking a VLAN on two switches. Say I have two switches, both hosting half of VLAN 3. Switch 1 Ports 0-5 on VLAN 3, Port 6 is Trunk Switch 2 Ports 0-5 on VLAN 3, Port 6 is Trunk Do the two switches know what the MAC addresses are of the devices connected to the other switch which are in the same VLAN, or do the switches just know that Port 6 is a VLAN 3 trunk and when they receive a broadcast frame, they just flood the frame to the trunk port with the VLAN tag and expect the switch on the other end to deal with it? Ron Maupin♦ gold badges113 silver badges190 bronze badges asked Sep 11, 2017 at 1511 When a frame enters a switch, the switch will take the source MAC address and update its MAC address table with the interface where the frame entered the switch. That interface can be an access or trunk interface. Broadcast or unknown unicast frames will be sent to all interfaces except the one where the frame entered the switch, including access and trunk interfaces. Known unicast frames will be sent to the switch interface indicated in the switch MAC address table, whether an access or trunk interface. answered Sep 11, 2017 at 1516 Ron Maupin♦Ron gold badges113 silver badges190 bronze badges 6 VLAN3 is just a subnet or another network. Say you have vlan 1 and vlan 3 is Each device in vlan 3 will get the IP. That IP is assigned to the MAC address of the end device This is held in the arp table on a layer 3 device. Only the switch, as it is a layer 2 device, only knows the MAC address of the devices directly attached to it. A Trunk port allows for multiple networks or VLANS to communicate over the same port, But without a layer 3 they cannot talk to one another. A broadcast will be sent to any device on that VLAN or network. It doens't care if it's on switch one or two. answered Sep 11, 2017 at 1518 3 There's 2 thing in your question. First if you consider a single vlan, the port 6 being a trunk is not mandatory, setting the port 6 of both switch as VLAN3 will work. A trunk port has interest when you have multiples vlan on a switch, this mean you have made partitions on your switch, port 1 to 5 on VLAN3, port 7 to 12 on VLAN 4 for example, and you configure your port 6 as trunk to transport vlan 3 and 4. You may achieve the same thing without a trunk port if you keep port 6 in vlan 3 and use port 12 in VLAN 4 to link the two switches for example. A switch records incoming mac address on a port, such that when a packet is directed to a mac address it know where to send it, when it don't know or if it's a broadcast it send it on all ports within the same vlan, trunk included and the switch receiving the packet will scan it's own table before forwarding the packet to the correct port if already know or on all port within the vlan if the mac address is unknown or broadcast. Mainly a vlan is a virtual switch within the switch and the trunk is an aggregation of "virtual ports" to transport multiple vlans on a single link trunk on multiple links are trunks made on port aggregation LACP and are another subject. answered Sep 11, 2017 at 1541 "Switch 2 Ports 0-5 on VLAN 3, Port 6 is Trunk" .. Switch 2 knows that Vlan 3 information on sw1 from switch 1 Port6 mac -address . Through this mac-address frame is forwarded to switch2 from switch 1 After frames is in switch 2 . Traffic will further checks for mac -address table in switch 2, with the reference to this mac -address table frame is forwarded on required interfà ce where destination host is connected. answered Dec 10, 2020 at 1150 Sagar UragondaSagar Uragonda8371 gold badge15 silver badges73 bronze badges
AL2 switch also has several hardware differences compared to a Router. The switch connects uses only Ethernet ports (e.g electrical RJ45, fiber gigabit ports etc) to connect hosts to the network. The router on the other hand can have different types of ports such as ADSL, cable, fiber, dial-up etc (including Ethernet).
While echoing Ron and John's comments that there is no universal "best practice" here and there's only what's best for you, I'd like to propose an alternative solution that you haven't mentioned yet. EdgeRouter does support bonding/link aggregation using Link Aggregation Control Protocol LACP. However, in older EdgeRouters, this traffic was not eligible for offloading, which meant bonding for example 4 gigabit ports wouldn't result in 4Gbps of bandwidth. It would produce redundancy, but some bandwidth less than 4Gbps, possibly simply 1Gbps. However, according to this page, newer ER-X, ER-X-SFP, and EP-R6 EdgeRouters support offloading, so aggregating 4 gigabit ports should result in 4Gbps or very near it, allowing for some losses. So, in theory, if you had one of the newer EdgeRouters, and you didn't need certain mutually-exclusive protocols, and your network topology supported it, you could do the following Bond X ports on the router to support XGbps of bandwidth and also redundancy Bond X ports on the switch in the same way Connect X ethernet cables between the bonded router ports and the bonded switch ports Configure your VLANs on the single bonded interface on the router and switch I say this in a rather nebulous way; there are a lot of steps to this, clearly Through this configuration, all the VLANs would be able to take advantage of up to XGbps of bandwidth between the VLANs for allowed traffic, so that you wouldn't have saturated links using all 1Gbps and bottlenecked while other links used only a few Mbps and remained essentially unitized.
2VLANS are different broadcast domains They are meant not be able to communicate with each other at layer 2. To make devices in different VLANS communicate you need a layer 3 device. Now, to achieve this, you can use your switch 2 - as labelled in the figure attached. you need to create 2 virtual interfaces. Assign IPs to those virtual interfaces.
We wrote an article which covers Virtual Local Area Networks VLANs as a concept, and another article on configuring VLANs on Cisco switches. The remaining subjects to cover are the different options that exist for routing between VLANs. This will let us illustrate the concepts of inter-vlan routing, Router on a Stick RoaS, and Layer 3 Switches occasionally called MultiLayer Switches. Why do we need Routing Between VLANs? As we learned in a prior article, VLANs create a logical separation between Switch ports. Essentially, each VLAN behaves like a separate physical switch. To illustrate this, below are two topology pictures of the same environment – one Physical and one Logical. The Physical topology depicts a switch and four hosts in two different VLANs – Host A and Host B are in VLAN 20 and Host C and Host D are in VLAN 30. The logical topology reflects how the physical topology operates – the two VLANs essentially create two separate physical switches. Despite all four hosts being connected to the same physical switch, the logical topology makes it clear that the hosts in VLAN 20 are unable to speak with the hosts in VLAN 30. Notice since there is nothing connecting the two “virtual” switches, there is no way for Host A to speak to Host C. Since Host A and Host C are in different VLANs, it is also implied that they are in different Networks. Each VLAN will typically correspond to its own IP Network. In this diagram, VLAN 20 contains the network, and VLAN 30 contains the network. The purpose of a Switch is to facilitate communication within networks. This works great for Host A trying to speak to Host B. However, if Host A is trying to speak to Host C, we will need to use another device – one whose purpose is to facilitate communication between networks. If you’ve read the Packet Traveling series, then you know that the device which facilitates communication between networks is a Router. A router will perform the routing function necessary for two hosts on different networks to speak to one another. In the same way, a Router is what we will need in order for hosts in different VLANs to communicate with one another. There are three options available in order to enable routing between the VLANs Router with a Separate Physical Interface in each VLAN Router with a Sub-Interface in each VLAN Utilizing a Layer 3 Switch The remainder of this article will explore these three options and their configuration. Router with Separate Physical Interfaces The simplest way to enable routing between the two VLANs to simply connect an additional port from each VLAN into a Router. The Router doesn’t know that it has two connections to the same switch — nor does it need to. The Router operates like normal when routing packets between two networks. In fact, the process of a packet moving from Host A to Host D in this topology will work exactly as it does in this video. The only difference is since there is only one physical switch, there will only be one MAC address table – each entry includes the mapping of switchport to MAC address, as well as the VLAN ID number that port belongs to. Each switch port in this diagram is configured as an Access port, we can use the range command to configure multiple ports as once Switchconfig interface range eth2/0 - 2 Switchconfig-if-range switchport mode access Switchconfig-if-range switchport access vlan 20 Switchconfig interface range eth3/0 - 2 Switchconfig-if-range switchport mode access Switchconfig-if-range switchport access vlan 30 Of course, before assigning the switchport to a VLAN, it is a good idea to create the VLAN in the VLAN Database. The Router interfaces also use a standard configuration — configuring an IP address and enabling the interface Routerconfig interface eth0/2 Routerconfig-if ip address Routerconfig-if no shutdown Routerconfig interface eth0/3 Routerconfig-if ip address Routerconfig-if no shutdown Below you will find various show commands for the Router and the Switch, these can be used to understand and validate how the environment is functioning. Router Show Commands show runip int briefip routearpcdp neighbor Router show running-config ... interface Ethernet0/2 ip address ! interface Ethernet0/3 ip address Router show ip interface brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol ... Ethernet0/2 YES manual up up Ethernet0/3 YES manual up up ... Router show ip route Codes L - local, C - connected, ... Gateway of last resort is not set is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks C is directly connected, Ethernet0/2 L is directly connected, Ethernet0/2 C is directly connected, Ethernet0/3 L is directly connected, Ethernet0/3 Router show arp Protocol Address Age min Hardware Addr Type Interface Internet - ARPA Ethernet0/2 Internet 2 ARPA Ethernet0/2 Internet 5 ARPA Ethernet0/2 Internet - ARPA Ethernet0/3 Internet 4 ARPA Ethernet0/3 Internet 4 ARPA Ethernet0/3 Router show cdp neighbors Capability Codes R - Router, S - Switch, I - IGMP, B - Source Route Bridge ... Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID Switch Eth 0/3 126 R S I Linux Uni Eth 3/0 Switch Eth 0/2 126 R S I Linux Uni Eth 2/0 Switch Show Commands show runmac tablevlan briefcdp neighbor Switch show running-config ... vlan 20 name RED ! vlan 30 name BLUE ... interface Ethernet2/0 switchport access vlan 20 switchport mode access ! interface Ethernet2/1 switchport access vlan 20 switchport mode access ! interface Ethernet2/2 switchport access vlan 20 switchport mode access ! interface Ethernet3/0 switchport access vlan 30 switchport mode access ! interface Ethernet3/1 switchport access vlan 30 switchport mode access ! interface Ethernet3/2 switchport access vlan 30 switchport mode access Switch show mac address-table Mac Address Table - Vlan Mac Address Type Ports - - - - 20 DYNAMIC Et2/1 20 DYNAMIC Et2/2 20 DYNAMIC Et2/0 30 DYNAMIC Et3/1 30 DYNAMIC Et3/2 30 DYNAMIC Et3/0 Total Mac Addresses for this criterion 6 Switch show vlan brief VLAN Name Status Ports - - - - ... 20 RED active Et2/0, Et2/1, Et2/2 30 BLUE active Et3/0, Et3/1, Et3/2 ... Switch show cdp neighbors Capability Codes R - Router, S - Switch, I - IGMP, B - Source Route Bridge ... Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID Router Eth 3/0 152 R B Linux Uni Eth 0/3 Router Eth 2/0 166 R B Linux Uni Eth 0/2 Router with Sub-Interfaces The previously described method is functional, but scales poorly. If there were five VLANs on the switch, then we would need five switchports and five router ports to enable routing between all five VLANs Instead, there exists a way for multiple VLANs to terminate on a single router interface. That method is to create a Sub-Interface. A Sub-Interface allows a single Physical interface to be split up into multiple virtual sub-interfaces, each of which terminate their own VLAN. Sub-interfaces to a Router are similar to what Trunk ports are to a Switch – one link carrying traffic for multiple VLANs. Hence, each router Sub-interface must also add a VLAN tag to all traffic leaving said interface. The logical operation of the Sub-interface topology works exactly as the separate physical interface topology in the section before it. The only difference is with Sub-interfaces, only one Router interface is required to terminate all VLANs. Keep in mind, however, that the drawback with all VLANs terminating on a single Router interface is an increased risk of congestion on the link. The Sub-interface feature is sometimes referred to as Router on a Stick or One-armed Router. This is in reference to the single router terminating the traffic from each VLAN. The Switch’s port facing the router is configured as a standard Trunk Switchconfig interface eth1/1 Switchconfig-if switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q Switchconfig-if switchport mode trunk The Router’s configuration of Sub-interfaces is fairly straight forward. First, we enable the physical interface Routerconfig interface eth1/1 Routerconfig-if no shutdown Next, we create and configure the first Sub-interface Routerconfig interface eth1/ Routerconfig-subif encapsulation dot1Q 20 Routerconfig-subif ip address Apart from using the Sub-interface distinguisher eth1/ and using the encapsulation dot1q command, the rest of the interface configuration is exactly the same as any other regular physical interface. Similarly, we will also configure the Sub-interface for VLAN 30 Routerconfig interface eth1/ Routerconfig-subif encapsulation dot1Q 30 Routerconfig-subif ip address A point of clarity regarding the Sub-interface syntax. The number after the physical interface fa0/ and fa0/ simply serves the purpose of splitting up the physical interfaces into Sub-interfaces. The number specified in the encapsulation dot1q vlan command is what actually specifies what VLAN ID the traffic belongs to. These two values do not have to match, but often they do for the purpose of technician sanity. Below you will find various show commands for the Router and the Switch. These can be used to understand and validate how the environment is functioning. Router Sub-Interface Show Commands show runip int briefip routearpcdp neighbor Router show running-config ... interface Ethernet1/1 no ip address ! interface Ethernet1/ encapsulation dot1Q 20 ip address ! interface Ethernet1/ encapsulation dot1Q 30 ip address Router show ip interface brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol ... Ethernet1/1 unassigned YES NVRAM up up Ethernet1/ YES manual up up Ethernet1/ YES manual up up ... Router show ip route Codes L - local, C - connected, ... Gateway of last resort is not set is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks C is directly connected, Ethernet1/ L is directly connected, Ethernet1/ C is directly connected, Ethernet1/ L is directly connected, Ethernet1/ Router show arp Protocol Address Age min Hardware Addr Type Interface Internet - ARPA Ethernet1/ Internet 0 ARPA Ethernet1/ Internet 0 ARPA Ethernet1/ Internet - ARPA Ethernet1/ Internet 0 ARPA Ethernet1/ Internet 0 ARPA Ethernet1/ Router show cdp neighbors Capability Codes R - Router, S - Switch, I - IGMP, B - Source Route Bridge ... Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID Switch Eth 1/1 150 R S I Linux Uni Eth 1/1 Switch Trunk Show Commands show runmac tablevlan briefint trunkcdp Switch show running-config ... vlan 20 name RED ! vlan 30 name BLUE ... interface Ethernet1/1 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q switchport mode trunk ! interface Ethernet2/1 switchport access vlan 20 switchport mode access ! interface Ethernet2/2 switchport access vlan 20 switchport mode access ! interface Ethernet3/1 switchport access vlan 30 switchport mode access ! interface Ethernet3/2 switchport access vlan 30 switchport mode access Switch show mac address-table Mac Address Table - Vlan Mac Address Type Ports - - - - 1 DYNAMIC Et1/1 20 DYNAMIC Et1/1 30 DYNAMIC Et1/1 20 DYNAMIC Et2/1 20 DYNAMIC Et2/2 30 DYNAMIC Et3/1 30 DYNAMIC Et3/2 Total Mac Addresses for this criterion 7 Switch show vlan brief VLAN Name Status Ports - - - - ... 20 RED active Et2/1, Et2/2 30 BLUE active Et3/1, Et3/2 ... Switch show interfaces trunk Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan Et1/1 on trunking 1 Port Vlans allowed on trunk Et1/1 1-4094 Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain Et1/1 1,20,30 Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned Et1/1 1,20,30 Switch show cdp neighbors Capability Codes R - Router, S - Switch, I - IGMP, B - Source Route Bridge ... Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID Router Eth 1/1 136 R B Linux Uni Eth 1/1 Layer 3 Switch The last option for routing between VLANs does not involve a router at all. Nor does it involve using a traditional switch. Instead, a different device entirely can be used. This device is known as a Layer 3 Switch or sometimes also as a Multilayer switch. But exactly what is a Layer 3 switch? A Layer 3 Switch is different from a traditional Layer 2 Switch in that it has the functionality for routing between VLANs intrinsically. In fact, when considering how a L3 Switch operates, you can safely imagine that a Layer 3 Switch is a traditional switch with a built in Router. With regard to VLANs the Multilayer switch is configured mostly the same way as a regular L2 switch MultilayerSwitchconfig vlan 20 MultilayerSwitchconfig-vlan name RED MultilayerSwitchconfig vlan 30 MultilayerSwitchconfig-vlan name BLUE MultilayerSwitchconfig interface range eth2/0 - 2 MultilayerSwitchconfig-if-range switchport mode access MultilayerSwitchconfig-if-range switchport access vlan 20 MultilayerSwitchconfig interface range eth3/0 - 2 MultilayerSwitchconfig-if-range switchport mode access MultilayerSwitchconfig-if-range switchport access vlan 30 Then, for each VLAN that you want the Multilayer switch to route for, you have the option of configuring an IP address within what is known as an SVI, or a Switched Virtual Interface. An SVI serves as the L3 termination point for each VLAN – aka, the way in or out of each VLAN. Another way of looking at it is that the SVI serves as the interface on the built-in Router of the Multilayer switch, allowing traffic from one VLAN to reach the built-in Router and be routed to another VLAN as necessary. The configuration for an SVI involves two parts. First, enabling IP Routing; and Second, applying an IP address to the VLAN. To enable IP Routing, use the following command MultilayerSwitchconfig ip routing IP Routing only needs to be enabled once. Some L3 switches come with it enabled by default. Applying the command while it is already enabled will not cause any harm, so if in doubt as to whether it is already enabled or not, simply applying it again is safe. To apply an IP address to the VLANs, configure the SVI as follows MultilayerSwitchconfig interface vlan 20 MultilayerSwitchconfig-if ip address MultilayerSwitchconfig-if no shutdown MultilayerSwitchconfig interface vlan 30 MultilayerSwitchconfig-if ip address MultilayerSwitchconfig-if no shutdown The two configurations above will enable routing between VLAN 20 and VLAN 30. The hosts in each VLAN can use the IP addresses and as their default gateway respectively. When Host A sends a packet to Host B, the packet will be switched within the same VLAN – no L3 processing will occur. When Host A sends a packet to Host C, the packet will be sent to the SVI to be routed to the other VLAN – all regular L3 processing will occur the TTL will be decremented and the L2 header will be rewritten. Multilayer Switch Configuration show runmac address-tablevlan brief MultilayerSwitch show running-config ... ip routing ... interface Vlan20 ip address ! interface Vlan30 ip address MultilayerSwitch show mac address-table Mac Address Table - Vlan Mac Address Type Ports - - - - 20 DYNAMIC Et2/1 20 DYNAMIC Et2/2 30 DYNAMIC Et3/2 30 DYNAMIC Et3/1 Total Mac Addresses for this criterion 4 MultilayerSwitch show vlan brief VLAN Name Status Ports - - - - ... 20 RED active Et2/1, Et2/2 30 BLUE active Et3/1, Et3/2 ip routearpip int brief MultilayerSwitch show ip route Codes L - local, C – connected, ... Gateway of last resort is not set is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks C is directly connected, Vlan20 L is directly connected, Vlan20 C is directly connected, Vlan30 L is directly connected, Vlan30 MultilayerSwitch show arp Protocol Address Age min Hardware Addr Type Interface Internet - ARPA Vlan20 Internet 0 ARPA Vlan20 Internet 0 ARPA Vlan20 Internet - ARPA Vlan30 Internet 0 ARPA Vlan30 Internet 0 ARPA Vlan30 MultilayerSwitch show ip interface brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol ... Ethernet2/1 unassigned YES unset up up Ethernet2/2 unassigned YES unset up up ... Ethernet3/1 unassigned YES unset up up Ethernet3/2 unassigned YES unset up up ... Vlan20 YES manual up up Vlan30 YES manual up up Note both sets of tabs and configuration above are from the same device. For the sake of organization, one set of tabs refer to the L3 functions and the other refers to the L2 functions. Summary This article discussed the three different options for Routing between VLANs. In each case, the hosts in communication behave exactly the same. In fact, the hosts have no visibility into how and what they are connected to. Each strategy above has its own benefits and limitations. Hopefully at this point you have a good idea of the options available to enable communication between hosts on different VLANs.
VLAN1: ports 1-24,49 ; VLAN 2: ports 25-48,50; I want to connect these VLANs using a cable from port 49 to port 50. Both of these VLANs are supposed to be in the subnet 10.128../24. Connecting the cable didn't work. Googling for it I found some articles that told me I needed a router between the VLANs, but the examples showed VLANs on different subnets.
VLANis the acronym for V irtual L ocal A rea N etwork, it is a virtual partitioning of physical network switches on OSI layer 2. It is a way to keep network clients separated from each other even if they use the same shared physical network, without setting up a whole subnet and a router. It works by adding a label ( VLAN ID) on networking
Ihave an 8 port TP-Link SG3210 layer 2 802.1Q tag capable switch and a Huawei NE40E router. I set up 3 Vlans on the switch and assign ports to each. I want to make computers on each Vlan 'see' each other. Can I set up a single port on the switch as a trunk port out to the Cisco 1901, and use the Cisco to route between the Vlans?
Padapercobaan kali ini, kita akan melakukan konfigurasi Virtual LAN (VLAN) pada cisco packet tracer. pada jaringan ini terdapat 1 router, 2 switch dan 4 PC. Langkah-langkah yang dilakukan untuk melakukan konfigurasi tersebut adalah sebagai berikut : Buka aplikasi cisco packet tracer lalu login sebagai user atau guest.
Switchconfig)#interface fastEthernet 0/1 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk Switch(config-if)# 2. Now the VLANs can transmit traffic over the FastEthernet 0/1 without any problems. Note: Try to enable trunking mode only to interface between to switch or router devices. It's not necessary to enable it on the interface of the switch to PC.
Masukrouter 2, tambahkan ip. #int fa0/1 #ip address 255.255.255.128 #no shutdown #int fa0/0 #ip address 192.168.10. 255.255.255. #no shutdown Masuk ke switch 2, lalu buat vlan. Switch#vlan database Switch (vlan)#vlan 30 name gepenk Switch (vlan)#vlan 40 name penyok Masukkan interface-nya. Switch (config)#int range fa0/1-2
Hereis a topology in which there is a router and a switch and some end hosts. 2 different VLANs have been created on the switch. The router's interface is divided into 2 sub-interfaces (as there are 2 different VLANs) which will acts as a default gateway to their respective VLANs. Here, we have assigned VLAN 2 to the specific switch
Kalauuntuk menghubungkan 2 VLAN yang berbeda kita membutuhkan 1 alat lagi yaitu Router. Yap Router !, fungsinya untuk menghubungkan 2 jaringan yang berbeda. 1 Switch & 1 Router. Untuk area yang kuning itu VLAN 10 dan area yang Hijau itu VLAN 20. Dan Beri IP ke masing masing PC, Bisa Liat di Gambar atau di Bawah. ===== VLAN 10 ===== PC0 IP
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vlan 2 switch 1 router
